Seasonal preferences in diet selection of semi-free ranging European bison (Bison bonasus)

Abstract

The largest herbivorous animal in Europe, the European bison, is in spite of all conservation efforts still listed as vulnerable and a protected species. Detailed information about the ecology of this animal is needed for successful restocking and completion of reintroduction programs. Because of the scarcity of quantitative data on the seasonal changes in diet composition of European bison, we focused in our study on seasonal differences in proportions of preferred plant species in the diet of semi-free living European bison in a spacious habitat hosting a broad range of vegetation forms. In the former military area “Döberitzer Heide” close to Berlin, Germany, no additional fodder is supplemented. The animals were observed over a period of one year and preferred plant species were noted. European bison showed seasonal preferences in diet selection and composition. During summer, the diet was highly mixed and consisted of herbs, foliage and sedges. Tree bark and branches became a notable dietary component in winter. This study aimed to provide sound knowledge necessary
for proper management and the selection of suitable habitats for this species and its results suggest that in the annual cycle, the European bison need access to diverse habitats.